Iranian Polymer Journal / Volume 9 Number 4 (2000) 203–209 ISSN: 1026-1265/2000
Mahrokh Dadsetan1, Hamid Mirzadeh2(*) and Naser Sharifi-Sanjani3
(1) Laser Research
Center, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, P. O. Box: 11365-8486, Tehran, I.R.
Iran
(2) Department of
Polymeric Biomaterials, Iran Polymer Institute, P.O. Box: 14965/159,
Postal code:
14977, Tehran, I.R. Iran
(3) Department of
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, P. O. Box: 14155-6455,
Tehran, I.R. Iran
ABSTRACT
There have been a number of attempts to create a novel surface that reduces the adverse effects of blood interaction with material. Among various techniques, laser-induced surface modification is highly suitable for this purpose. This paper presents surface modification of polyethylene tere-phthalate (PET) using CO2 pulsed laser. The changes in surface properties were investigated by SEM, attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and water drop contact angle measurements. The complicated microstructures on the PET surface were observed in SEM micrographs. ATR-IR spectra showed that the crystallinity decreased in the surface region as a result of laser irradiation. The water drop contact angle also decreased with increasing the laser pulses. The haemocompatibility of CO2 laser irradiated PET was examined in vitro, evaluating its capability of inducing platelet adhesion in comparison with the unmodified PET. The number of adhered platelets was determined by platelet-rich plasma method and lactate dehydrogenase activity measurements. Platelet adhesion on the untreated PET was relatively high. Laser irradiation of PET surface reduced the number of adherent platelets and prevented platelet spreading on the surface. The extent of platelet adhesion was correlated to the number of laser pulses.
Iranian Polymer Journal / Volume 9 Number 4 (2000) 211–220 ISSN: 1026-1265/2000
e-Caprolactam in Industrial Polymerization Units
Mihai Rusu1(*), Maria Lungu1, Liviu Bujor2 and
Daniela Rusu3
(1) Department of
Macromolecules, "Gh. Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Bd. D.
Mangeron no. 71, 6600 Iasi, Romania
(2) S.C. POLIROM S.A., Roman,
judetul Neamt, Romania
(3) Biomaterials
Department, "Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6600 Iasi, Romania
ABSTRACT
This work presents an experimental study dealing with the deviations from the ideal flow models in the case of the flow of e‑caprolactam and, respectively, of the polymer melt, along an industrial unit for polyamide‑6 synthesis. The flow pattern was determined by analyzing the mean residence time and dispersion criterion, which were obtained from radiotracer measurements. Different flow types were evidenced for different zones of the industrial polymerization unit: plug‑flow with small mixing contribution in the reactor feeding pipe and in the prepolymerizer device and stirred flow with flow defects (stagnant zones and recirculations) for the polymerization column. The analysis of the residence time distribution functions revealed different flow patterns according to different regions of the polymerization column. We estimated the stagnant volume of each polymerization zone by comparing the experimental mean residence time and corresponding nominal residence time, defined as the ratio between the total volume of the zone and the volumetric flow rate. The detection of some important flow anomalies occurring in the 3rd and 4th zones of the polymerization column indicates the positions requiring an improvement of hydrodynamic regime. These experimental results were used and to ameliorate the operating regime of the ε‑caprolactam polymerization unit.
Iranian Polymer Journal / Volume 9 Number 4 (2000) 221–227 ISSN: 1026-1265/2000
Biodegradation of Poly(e-caprolactone)*
Maria Rutkowska1(**),
Katarzyna Krasowska1, Aleksandra Heimowska1,
Maria Śmiechowska1 and Helena Janik2
(1) Gdynia Maritime Academy,
81-225 Gdynia, Poland
(2) Technical University of
Gdańsk, 81-952 Gdańsk, Poland
ABSTRACT
The
influence of different processing additives on the biodegradation of poly(e-caprolactone) film in the compost with plant treatment
active sludge is described in this paper. Poly(e-caprolactone) was incubated for several weeks in compost in natural and
laboratory conditions. The characteristic parameters of plant treatment active
sludge such as: temperature, pH, moisture content and activity of
dehydrogenases and their influence on degradation of poly(e-caprolactone) are presented and discussed. The loss of
weight, intrinsic viscosity, tensile strength and morphological changes were
tested during the period of degradation. Results of measurement indicate that
the biodegradation of poly(e-caprolactone)
without additives was very fast in compost with plant treatment active sludge and after six weeks the
polymer film was completely assimilated. The introducing of processing
additives gives better tensile strength of the materials and less vulnerable to
microorganisms attack.
Iranian Polymer Journal / Volume 9 Number 4 (2000) 229–238 ISSN: 1026-1265/2000
Linear
Low-density Polyethylene Drawn Tapes
Suryya K. Rana
Department of
Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi:
110 016, India
ABSTRACT
Drawn tapes were manufactured by mechanical drawing on a hot plate maintained at 82 °C from as-extrudates with different crystallinities from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) to small quantity of linear low-density poly-ethylene (LLDPE). The process of drawing was analyzed to understand the effects of the percentage crystallinity of as-extrudates on the mechanical properties of the drawn tapes. Incorporation of LLDPE up to 15 % LLDPE systematically decreases the percentage crystallinity of as-extrudate by 25 %. It was also noticed that the initial differences in crystallinity were not reflected in the drawn tapes. However, the as-extrudate with higher initial percentage crystallinity produced a tape with better mechanical properties than the as-extrudate with lower crystallinity. The coarse fibril formation is seen in the flake- like crystalline bodies of the as-extrudates. This fibrillar formation is quite distinct with HDPE as-extrudate. On drawing, the flake-like crystalline bodies disintegrate to fibrils. The higher inter-planar spacing helps in the formation of uniform and finer fibrils. Finer and uniform fibrils free of branching and discontinuity perhaps are imperative for better mechanical properties. The HDPE as-extrudate with high percentage crystallinity and good fibrillar formation provides a better precursor for the high tenacity and modulus tape.
Iranian Polymer Journal / Volume 9 Number 4 (2000) 239–248 ISSN: 1026-1265/2000
Properties of
Medium Speed Spun Polypropylene Filaments
Mohammad Haghighat
Kish*, Seyed Ahmad Shoushtari and Sima Kazemi
Synthetic Fiber and Textile Research Center, Amir Kabir University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. Iran
ABSTRACT
Effects of cold-drawing and heat-setting on some aspects of mechanical properties and structural parameters of polypropylene filaments spun at 3500 m/min are examined. Similar to the yarn produced at low speeds, drawing changes the structure and properties of the filaments. Heat-setting increases the compactness and uniformity of micro-fibrilar structure of the filaments. Crystalline fraction as determined by the change in density and molecular orientation as measured by birefringence increase with the increase in draw ratio. True strength does not change considerably, but nominal strength increases and the breaking-extension decreases with draw ratio and heat- setting treatment. The temperature of the onset of melting as indicated by DSC examination does not effect considerably by drawing and heat-setting. The increase of crystalline fraction as measured by density is not in accordance with the results of the crystalline fraction measurement by X-ray diffraction. The trend in increase of crystallinity determined by DSC agrees with the increase of crystalline fraction determined by density.
Iranian Polymer Journal / Volume 9 Number 4 (2000) 249–254 ISSN: 1026-1265/2000
Thermal Characteristics
Hamid Yeganeh*, Mehdi Barikani and Feriedoun Noei Khodabadi
Department of
Polyurethane & Special Substances, Iran Polymer Institute, Tehran, I.R.
Iran
ABSTRACT
New (polyurethane-imide)s (PUIs) were synthesized by polyaddition reaction of two different diisocyanates with three different imide containing diols. The reactions were performed in DMAc solvent at 100 ºC using dibutyltin dilaurate as a catalyst. The structure of diols and PUIs were characterized by conven-tional methods including 1H NMR, FTIR, and mass spectroscopies, and physical properties such as solution viscosity, solubility property, thermal stability and thermal behaviour were studied for PUIs. These polymers showed excellent solubility in polar aprotic and chlorinated solvents. Their inherent viscosities were in the range of 0.28–0.35 dL/g. Also their 10% weight loss were in the temperature range of 323–358 ºC.
Iranian Polymer Journal / Volume 9 Number 4 (2000) 255–261 ISSN: 1026-1265/2000
Aniline, Thiophene and Pyrrole: Chemical
and
Electrochemical Synthesis
S. Hossein Hosseini, Faraj A. Gorgani and Ali A. Entezami*
Polymer Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Tabriz University, Tabriz, I.R. Iran
ABSTRACT
We
have investigated the chemical and electrochemical polymerization of a
thiophene derivative functionalized with a 3‑methoxyethoxy moiety and its
copolymers with aniline, thiophene and pyrrole. Chemical polymerization of
monomers was carried out in presence of FeCIO4.9H2O/HClO4
oxidant. The electropolymerization by a cyclic voltammetry method was studied
under the sufficient concentrations of monomer, 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium
hexafluoro-phosphate, 20 mL acetonitrile, GC disk working electrode, Ag/AgCI
reference electrode and platinum wire counter electrode conditions. The
produced films give highly conducting polymeric materials, some of which are
soluble in common organic solvents. The conductivity of polymers was measured
by four‑point probe technique. The undoped state of the polymers possessed
conductivities of lower than 10–4–10–3 S/cm. After doping
with FeCI3/ nitro-methane or vapour I2, conductivities
increased to 10–3–10–2 S/cm. Properties of the polymers
were characterized using UV, IR, NMR, CV and GPC.